This is a really frustrating issue but it is actually a well known problem and the cause is more straightforward than it looks. The fact that your nozzle check prints black correctly is the key clue here — your black ink and print head are working pe...
This is a very common issue on Mac OS Sonoma and almost always caused by one of two things — either the printer's IP address changed after a router restart or Mac OS Sonoma updated and reset some printer settings in the background.
Try this fix first...