Easy ones first!
The S in EF-S stands for short focus. Any camera that can use a EF-S lens can use a EF lens, too. A camera that is designed for EF lenses can only use EF, no S lenses.
The EF 50mm f1.4 is can be used on either EF or EF-S bodies. It is not actually designed for either. It is simply a 50mm f1.4 lens. Either body no matter, it is still a 50mm lens. It can not change that, however, on a crop body, a Rebel for instance, it will give the same perspective as a 80mm lens would on a full frame body. Typically making it a pretty good portrait lens.
Now these are just numbers and of no real concern except to sorta guide you in a comparasion. You choose the lens that works for your need.
You need to make the decision on whether you are going to remain with crop body sized camera or not. You may wind up buying all your lenses over and that is not a good thing! Is it? I know lots of people that live with crop bodies all there lives and know folks that only shoot FF. There is not right or wrong. It is what it is. Nothing more. Lots of photographers even shoot both, believe it or not!
Now my personal feelings on a "do all lens". For me there is none. I always have at least two cameras and two lenses with me all the time. A very strict rule I never broke..................until lately. Another rule I will never break is to use any third party lens...............................until lately. For the most part they were junk. Oh sure if you lucked out and got a good one, it was pretty good, no doubt. But very spotty and hit or miss. Not for me! But "lately" there has been a great change in third party lenses. Especially at Sigma. They make very high quality glass and they have improved their CS drasticly. Tamron is close behind and getting better. Forget the rest, Tokina and the others for now.
Now back to that "do all" lens. I did buy a Tamron SP 150-600mm f/5-6.3 Di VC USD. Not quite a "do all" but it has a fair amount of zoom useage. It turns out it is a nice lens and impossibile to beat for $1100 bucks. Worthy of consideration by anyone.
What do I carry? A EF 24-70mm f2.8 and a EF 70-200mm f2.8 Canon "L" lenses. My goto and workhorse combo. That is as good as it gets. There is nothing better on the planet.
EB
EOS 1DX and 1D Mk IV and less lenses then before!
You want to set it to RAW. 
Do you see all the photos in my sample are all RAW? Yet with out issue DPP wil make them u/l able jpg. You get the best of both worlds. Bite the bullett today and make the switch. No time like the present.
